Using census info to create personalities for the local population

Although the Peckforton Light Railway never existed in reality, it is set in a real location and time period (see A short history of the line and its location and The hypothetical line). This has enabled me to use real names for the locations and to model some of the local geography (though with considerable artistic and modellers' licence). For a while, I have thought that the figures who populate my railway could be given real identities, based on those who would have lived in the locality at the time (early 1930s) and so, when my wife started investigating her family history and took out a subscription to findmypast.co.uk, the opportunity arose for me to explore the census returns for the area in which my railway is set.

Accessing the records

Findmypast gives access to a range of records but I decided that my starting point would be the National Census. In the UK, the census has been conducted every ten years since 1841 and the returns are made available for the public after 100 years has past. So, the most recent census data available at the time of writing (2016) is the census for 1911. Although this is twenty years before the time in which my railway is set, I felt it would give me an insight into what life was like in this part of rural Cheshire in the first half of the twentieth century.

My railway supposedly served four communities in rural Cheshire; Peckforton, Bickerton, Bulkeley and Beeston - and so, the first task was to search for the 1911 census returns for these four localities. As I was searching for addresses rather than people, I needed to change the search criteria

 This then enabled me to specify the County for my search (ie Cheshire)

The next stage was a little tedious, as I then had to scroll through the results for Cheshire until I reached one of the localities I was seeking - ie in this case Beeston:

However, once here, I could click on the 'Address' button and start exploring the records.

 For each address in the section I could access the transcription for each household:

and copy the details on to a spreadsheet:

I then accessed the image of the actual household return and was able to scan for any additional details, such as the number of rooms in the home and any other details which might have been omitted from the transcription.

Armed with this info, I could then interrogate the data and start extracting some interesting facts about the locality and its inhabitants.

Interpreteing the records

 Firstly, the size of the recorded population in each of the communities served by the railway:

Beeston       = 291
Bickerton    = 227
Bulkeley     = 146
Peckforton  = 183
Total           = 847

As you can see, not exactly bursting with life, but sufficient to make the railway worthwhile.

Next, I checked the number of households in each community:

Beeston       =   58
Bickerton    =   54
Bulkeley     =   36
Peckforton  =   43
Total           = 191

and the average size of each house (ie the number of rooms):

Beeston       = 6
Bickerton    = 6
Bulkeley     = 5.75
Peckforton  = 4.8

although, this actually masks the fact that the sizes ranged from 2 roomed dwellings to large farmhouses with 16 rooms. Peckforton Castle (with a population of 20 (four family and 16 staff)) did not return how many rooms it had and so this may account for the lower average in Peckforton.

Next, I was very interested in the occupations of the inhabitants. Initially, I categorised the jobs into; domestic (eg servants, housekeeping etc), agricultural (eg farmers, farm workers/labourers), professional (eg clergy, teachers, accountants, etc), service (eg carters, shopkeepers, etc).

Occupation	Beeston	Bickerton	Bulkeley	Peckforton
Farmer	10	12	8	4
Farm Worker	49	38	31	25
Agriculture (other)	6	1	2	5
Labourer	4	3	0	5
Domestic (Household work)	35	23	17	28
Domestic (Gardener etc)	7	4	2	7
Professional	6	3	1	3
Builder / Stonemason etc	7	2	3	9
Miller / Carter etc	2	2	5	4
Coachbuilder / Smith etc	5	3	8	2
Seamstress / Bootmaker / Shopkeeper	7	8	5	7
Road / Railway Worker	5	1	2	0
Hotel / Catering / Publican	7	1	0	0
Housewife	40	28	25	33
Private Means	1	4	0	3
Retired	6	6	2	3
Unemployed	15	5	10	8
School pupil	34	19	9	13
Child (non school)	34	56	15	20

Of course, these categories disguise some much more interesting details. For example,in Peckforton James Sandars was a 'Stationary Engineman' who presumably tended to a steam engine at the Grist Mill in Bulkeley. There was also an automobile engineer (Joseph Wilcock) living in the lodge for Peckforton Castle (presumably tending to Lord Tollemache's motor car). In Bickerton, amongst those with Private Means was an artist (George Paise) and a professional cricketer (Thes Rowley).  In Beeston, one of the labourers (Thomas Guest) worked in a 'Bone glue and size works' whilst Eli Hopkins was a 'Walksman on Vynery Aqueduct' (presumably the Vyrnwy Aqueduct which runs from Lake Vyrnwy to Liverpool, passing through Bulkeley, Peckforton and Beeston). In Bulkeley, Thomas Stockton was recorded as being a 'Stearer on a traction engine' whilst in Bickerton, Joseph Thomas was a traction engine driver for the Grist Mill. There were several railway employees, including a platelayer (George Bateman), the stationmaster at Beeston and Tarporley Station (Samuel Bostock) and two clerks (Arthur Lawton and William Pritchard).

What is useful from the point of view of the Peckforton Light Railway, is to know names for businesses which could be served by the railway. For example:

• Timber Merchant - John Naylor at Beeston Towers
• Coal Merchant - John France at Beeston
• Grist Miller - Joseph Neild at Bulkeley Mill
• Building Contractor in Beeston - Charles Parker
•  General Carter in Peckforton - Arthur Lowe (not aka Captain Mainwaring!)
• General Carter in Bulkeley - John Evans
• General Carter in Bickerton - RD Harding
• Carter for Peckforton Castle - Arthur Chesters
• Builder and Undertaker in Peckforton - Reginald Fleet
• Coach Builder in Bulkeley - Edwin Bebbington
• Publican and Shopkeeper in Bickerton - Mary Ann Nixon
• Hotel Keeper at the Beeston Hotel (opposite the station) - Edward Williamson
• Cheshire Cheese Buyer in Bulkeley - Thomas Howell
• Wheelwright in Bulkeley - George Henry Hall
• Wheelwright in Beeston (by the Castle) - George Henry Winward
• Wheelwright in Bulkeley - George Wilkinson (All wheelwrights seem to be called George!)
• Wheelwright in Beeston - John Dodd (maybe not all)
• Blacksmith in Beeston - John Pinnington
• Stonemason in Peckforton - Allen Watson
• Stonemason in Peckforton - Thomas Dutton
• Stonemason in Peckforton - Thomas Brooks
• Stonemason in Peckforton - George Watson
• Stonemason in Peckforton - Herbert Dodd
• Stonemason in Bulkeley - John Brooks

These names could be useful when adding lettering to vehicles or for when I get around to constructing some lineside industries.

In addition, there were some names which I could associate with particular figures which might be identified by their distinctive attire:

• George Buchanan - Gamekeeper at Peckforton Castle
• Charles McKee - Clerk in Holy Orders at Bickerton Vicarage 
• Eleanor Parsons - Nurse at Peckforton Castle
• Arthur Jones - Postman from Beeston
• Herbert Harold Roberts - Postboy in Peckforton
• James Lever - Chauffeur from Bickerton
• Joseph Brookes - Insurance Agent from Beeston

Having accumulated this information, I next considered how to allocate names and personalities to the figures which presently adorn my railway.

Naming the figures on my railway

 I wondered whether to try and extrapolate from the 1911 census material to the period when my railway is set, around twenty years later, but decided this would be overly complicated. Not only would the population have changed, but the First World War would have intervened. I decided to use some artistic/modellers' licence and apply the information directly to the characters on my railway. I could have re-set the time period for the railway, but that would then compromise other aspects such as the explanation for the use of former Southwold and Leek & Manifold Railway stock (supposedly acquired when these railways closed down). Maybe in fourteen years' time, when the 1931 census returns are made available, I will reconsider, but for now I am more than happy to live with the anomaly of having characters from a previous generation populating my railway.

So far, I have identified twenty passengers or tradesmen who will be seen at stations on the Peckforton Light Railway.

Figure	Name	Info
	Jeanne Brunell	30, Lady's Maid at Peckforton Castle (French)
	John Boote	36, Foreman at sandstone quarry on Bickerton Hill
	Samuel Winward	48, farmer at Castle Side Farm Beeston
	Thomas Howell	51, Cheshire Cheese buyer from Yew Tree House in Bulkeley
	Joseph Neild	42, Grist Miller and Corn Dealer from Bulkeley Mill
	Minnie Neild	39, wife of Joseph Neild (Corn Dealer)
	AD Woolley	41, Grocer in Bulkeley
	Sarah Twiss	29, Housekeeper from Bulkeley
	John France	48, Coal Merchant at Beeston
	Anne Kirby	28, Cook at Bulkeley Hall
	Margaret Edge	54, widow with private means from Bickerton
	John Pinnington	66, blacksmith and shoeing smith from Beeston
	William Mathews	58, cowman on farm in Bickerton
	George Walley	39, Farmer at Bickerton Hill Farm
	Joseph Dodd	40, General farm labourer
	Frank Hodkinson	38, waggoner at Grist Mill in Bulkeley
	Mary Hodskinson	32, General domestic servant from Peckforton Gate
	Edward Roden	64, labourer in timber yard
	Istram Jarmay	27, Gentleman farmer from Bulkeley Hall

As time progresses, I shall identify and name more of the populace. I have realised I need far more 'common folk' as, at present, a large proportion of my figures seem to be from the upper or middle classes of society. Furthermore, having now taken closeup photos of my figures, I can see that several are in need of refurbishment - another job for the to do list.

How I converted a Piko DB BR80 Tank Locomotive to battery power

I was asked by a couple of traders if it would be possible to convert a Piko DB BR80 Tank Locomotive (37202) to battery power and so I was loaned one on which to experiment. I hasten to add that I used lithium-ion batteries for this conversion, if I was going to do this commercially, I would use NiMh batteries, as these are less volatile and easier to recharge by those unfamiliar with battery technology.

After examining the loco and its exploded diagram closely, I realised that it was very cunningly contructed to ensure that very few of the screws holding the loco together were visible. The first job was to remove the four screws holding the side tanks on to the running plate.

 This allowed the side tank mouldings to be removed. There is a lug on the rear of the mouldings wwhich slots into the front of the cab. This just pulls out.

 With the tanks removed, the red plastic underframe mouldings could be removed. These simply slot into the running plate and into the rear underside of the cab.

Once the lug on the moulding was pulled out from the running plate, the moulding was then moved forward to slide out the lug from the cab underside.

The six screws holding the cab to the footplate were now visible. These were unscrewed .....

...... to allow the cab to be removed.

The two seats for the driver were then removed. Normally these slot on to pegs on the floor of the cab, but on this loco, the driver's seat was also glued down and so the peg had to be removed as well.

With the cab removed, the two screws holding the firebox to the cab floor were now exposed. These were unscrewed.

It took me a while to figure out how the front of the boiler was fixed in place. To access the single screw holding it, the buffer beam was removed by unscrewing the two small screws which secure it.

As you can see from the photo, the buffer beam sits on two lugs and so, once the screws were removed, the buffer beam needed to be prised upwards (with the loco inverted) away from the lugs. The screw holding the boiler in place now became visible.

This screw was removed .......

.... and then the boiler was lifted up at the rear, and slid backwards slightly to free the lug from the front fixing point.

With the boiler removed the wiring now became accessible. Normally, when I convert locos to battery power, I remove the wheel pickups and skates, but on this loco I decided to leave them in place - and add a switch to enable the loco to be run either from track power or from battery. If you were intending to run the loco solely on battery power, I would suggest you remove the skates and pickups at this point as they do add unwanted (and unneeded) friction.

The leads from the track and to the motor were unplugged .......

and the link between the two plugs was severed.

To follow my normal conventions for wiring, I soldered white wires to the motor leads .......

.....  then shrouded these in heatshrink sleeving for insulation.

Brown wires were soldered to the plugs for the track pickups .......

....... and similarly insulated with heatshrink.

The plugs were then re-inserted into their sockets - brown (track) leads into the outer sockets and white (motor) leads into the two inner sockets.

 Two 3mm diameter holes were then drilled into the stepped rear section of the cab floor .......

.... and the four new wires fed through.

Now the interesting bit could begin. Sorting out the batteries and the control system. After carefully examining the cab and trying various options, I decided that the easiest way to instal the additional  electrics was to put the switches and charge socket into the coal bunker so they could be accessed by removing the coal moulding. Rather than fixing them in permanently, I felt it would be better if the whole assembly could be removable. To this end I constructed a box from 2mm thick black plasticard which would fit snuggly inside the cab without the need for being glued in.

Before gluing the box together, an overlay was printed out on to self adhesive vinyl showing the positions of the switches and socket. This was attached to the 35mm x 95mm panel and holes of the relevant diameter were drilled (6.5mm for the switches, 8mm for the socket and 6mm for the LED).

A DPDT switch was mounted into the lower left hole (as the on/off/charge switch), a 3PDT switch was mounted into the right hand hole, a 2.1mm DC socket mounted into the middle hole and bezel-mounted LED fitted into the upper left hand hole:

 These were then soldered-up .........

 ................ as per this diagram.

 The LED was wired up to pad 4 of an RCT/Deltang Rx65b receiver/controller. The pad was then reprogrammed to provide the LED2 function (which mirrors the onboard LED flashes).

 A 3S li-ion battery protection board was purchased (via eBay) .......

 ... and wired-up before being connected to three 18650 tagged li-ion batteries.

 The batteries, together with the battery protection board, were then loosely taped together.

 The plasticard box was then glued together with solvent and positioned in place on the footplate.

The driver was then stuck in place (using a double sided sticky pad) on top of the plasticard box.

After testing, the loco was then reconstructed. The boiler was attached first ......

 Followed by the buffer beam, .......

............. cab and side tanks.

The controls and charge socket are conveniently accessible though the coal bunker by removal of the coal moulding.

Following testing, I decided to add a balance charge socket to the battery protection board, leading to a trailing JST four pin socket which is accessible in the cab. Not very elegant, but I had been unable to track down a panel-mounted 4 pin socket - besides which there was little space left on the board inside the bunker.

I have not added this loco to my fleet - it's not an appropriate prototype for my UK based three foot narrow gauge railway. It has now been returned to one of the traders as a demo to show what is possible with a little imagination and a modicum of ingenuity.